.材料导论英文全书.docVIP

Content Chapter 1 An Overview 7 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 The Materials Cycle 9 1.2.1 Extracting Raw Materials 10 1.2.2 Creating Bulk Materials, Components, and Devices 11 1.2.3 Manufacturing Engineered Materials 11 1.2.4 Fabricating Products and Systems 12 1.2.5 Service of Products and Systems 12 1.2.6 Recycling/Disposal 13 1.2.7 Consequences of the Stages of the Materials Cycle 13 1.3 Family of Materials 14 1.3.1 Metals 15 Iron and Steel 15 Nonferrous Alloys 15 1.3.2 Ceramics 16 1.3.3 Polymers 16 1.3.4 Composites 17 1.3.5 Other Materials 19 Chapter 2 Properties of Materials 22 2.1 The Property Spectrum 22 2.2 Chemical Properties 23 2.2.1 Composition 23 2.2.2 Microstructure 24 2.2.3 Crystal Structure and Stereospecificity 24 2.2.4 Corrosion Resistance 25 Definitions 25 2.3 Physical Properties 25 Definitions 27 2.4 Mechanical Properties 28 2.4.1 Tensile Tests 28 2.4.2 Shear Strength 31 2.4.3 Hardness Tests 31 2.4.4 Impact Tests 32 2.4.5 Creep 33 2.4.6 Fracture Mechanics 34 Definitions 35 2.5 Dimensional Properties 35 2.5.1 Surface Finish 35 2.5.2 Surface Composition 37 Definitions 37 CHAPTER 3 Polymeric Materials 39 3.1 Polymer Chemistry 40 3.1.1 Polymerization 40 3.1.2 Molecular Architecture 42 3.1.3 Crystalline Structures 43 3.2 Polymer Fabrication Techniques 43 3.3 Plastics 47 3.3.1 Classification of Plastics 47 3.3.2 Properties of Plastics 48 3.4 Elastomers: Natural and Synthetic Rubbers 50 3.4.1 Natural Rubber and Vulcanization 50 3.4.2 Synthetic Rubber 51 3.4.3 Thermoplastic Rubbers or Elastoplastics 52 3.4.4 Properties of Elastomers 52 3.5 Coatings and Adhesives 54 3.5.1 Protective Coatings and Preservatives 54 3.5.2 Types of Adhesives and Their Properties 55 3.5.3 Application of Adhesives 56 3.6 Functional Polymers 57 3.6.1 Smart Polymeric Materials 57 3.6.2 Conductive Polymers 58 3.6.3 Geosynthetics 58 3.7 Recycling 59 Chapter 4 Polymer Composites 65 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Constituents of Fiber-Reinforced Composites 68 4.2.1 Fiber 69 4.2.2 Matrix 70 4.