摩尔定及律能走多远.pptVIP

* * * * 我们所处的这个时代，数据量正在急剧膨胀。 一个3、5分钟的普通M P3文件大约3M B大小，相当于数千万个0、1； 一部电影M P E G文件可以大到1G B，相当于80亿个0、1。 我们看到：晶体管集成数量的成倍增加，与现实生活中数据量的指数增长互动发展着。 每天工作中、生活中充满着多少这样庞大的数据量等待我们处理，需要更多的晶体管来加快处理速度；而处理器集成度和性能的不断提高，又继续推动了使用模式的发展，带来更大的数据处理需求 今天，数据量持续爆炸性增长，45纳米四核处理器8亿多个晶体管迎面而来，这个能力不是多余的，而是很快就会被需求所超越的 * * 45纳米比65纳米技术有极大提高 到了32纳米，又比45纳米有进一步提高： 第二代高-k金属栅极 0.9纳米等价氧化物厚度，高-k材料 从45纳米的1.0纳米缩放到0.9纳米 置换金属栅极工艺流程 30纳米栅极长度 第4代应变硅 性能提高超过22% 有史以来最紧密的栅极间距（gate pitch） 有史以来最高的驱动电流 * * * * * * 0.9nm equivalent oxide thickness high-k (scaled from 1.0 nm on 45nm) * * * * * * * Q: How can information processing continue to follow Moore’s Law Beyond 2020? A1. Clearly there will be efforts to continue extending the present CMOS technology, the industry workhorse for over 40 years, which is based on using electronic charge. In particular the devices are used in two simple states: either on or off. These are equivalent to “1” and “0”. These are the building block of a type of mathematics called Boolean algebra. A2. But as we look way into the future, beyond 2020, we can see some possible limits of this technology and therefore we are working to identify devices that operate with other “state” variables that could enable new richer information processing. Q: What do you mean by other state variables? A1. CMOS is based on electronic charge storage and movement (as I said two states: on or off), this operation requires the consumption of energy. Other states could include the orientation of electronic spin, or alignment of nanomagnets, the state of a molecule, or other states that could operate at lower energy consumption levels. So, spin up could be equivalent to “1” and spin down could be equivalent to “0”. But in addition, it is possible to conceive other intermediate states, just as an example horizontal pointing right or left, that could allow a much richer math (i.e., beyond Boole) * * * 摩尔定律能走多远无线宽带的实现和英特尔的创新之旅 “摩尔定律”——极富产业洞察力的技术预言 戈登·摩尔博士在1965年作出预测： 集成电路的晶体管密度每18至24个月翻一番 每两年晶体管密度翻番 0.01 0