有机物知识总结（Organic knowledge summary）.docVIP

有机物知识总结（Organic knowledge summary） Organic knowledge summary.Txt there is no pain in the wound, and only those who shed blood but smile, sometimes the simplest advice to others is the most difficult to do. I. organic represents the physical properties of matter 1. state Solid state: saturated higher fatty acids, fats, TNT, naphthalene, phenol, glucose, fructose, maltose, starch, cellulose, acetic acid (below 16.6 DEG C) The following C4: gaseous alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, formaldehyde, methyl chloride Liquid: Oil: nitrobenzene, bromide, ethyl acetate, oleic acid Viscous: petroleum, ethylene glycol, glycerin 2. odor Tasteless: methane and acetylene (often mixed with PH3, H2S, and AsH3) Slightly odorous: ethylene special odor: benzene and homologues, naphthalene, petroleum, phenol Irritant: formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, acetaldehyde Sweet taste: ethylene glycol, glycerin, sucrose, glucose Aroma: ethanol, low ester, bitter almond flavor: nitrobenzene 3. colors White: glucose, polysaccharide, pale yellow: TNT, impure nitrobenzene, black or dark brown: Petroleum 4. density Lighter than water: benzene and benzene homologues, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethanol, low-grade esters, gasoline Heavier than water: nitrobenzene, bromobenzene, ethylene glycol, glycerol, CCl4, chloroform, bromohydrocarbon, iodo hydrocarbon 5. volatile: ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid 6.: the sublimation of naphthalene and anthracene 7. water solubility: insoluble: higher fatty acids and esters, nitrobenzene, bromobenzene, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene and homologues, anthracene, petroleum, halogenated hydrocarbons, TNT, chloroform, CCl4 soluble phenol (0 DEG C is slightly soluble): slightly soluble acetylene benzoic acid Soluble: formaldehyde, acetic acid, ethylene glycol, benzene sulfonic acid Miscible with water: ethanol, phenol (above 70 DEG C), acetaldehyde, formic acid, glycerin Two. Classification and isomerism of organic matters 1. molecules with CnH2n (n = 3) categories: iso