contrasting ecosystem-effects of morphologically similar copepods对比ecosystem-effects形态类似的桡足类.pdfVIP

Contrasting Ecosystem-Effects of Morphologically Similar Copepods 1 2 3 4 5 Blake Matthews *, Stephen Hausch , Christian Winter , Curtis A. Suttle , Jonathan B. Shurin 1 Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Aquatic Ecology Department, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Kastanienbaum, Luzern, Switzerland, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 3 Department of Marine Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, 4 Departments of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, and Botany, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada, 5 Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America Abstract Organisms alter the biotic and abiotic conditions of ecosystems. They can modulate the availability of resources to other species (ecosystem engineering) and shape selection pressures on other organisms (niche construction). Very little is known about how the engineering effects of organisms vary among and within species, and, as a result, the ecosystem consequences of species diversification and phenotypic evolution are poorly understood. Here, using a common gardening experiment, we test whether morphologically similar species and populations of Diaptomidae copepods (Leptodiaptomus ashlandi, Hesperodiaptomus franciscanus, Skistodiaptomus oregonensis) have similar or different effects on the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems. We found that copepod species had contrasting effects on algal biomass, ammonium concentrations, and sedimentation rates, and that copepod populations had contrasting effects on prokaryote abundance, sediment