comparative phylogeography of direct-developing frogs (anura craugastoridae pristimantis) in the southern andes of colombia比较phylogeography direct-developing青蛙(无尾目动物craugastoridae pristimantis)在哥伦比亚南部的安第斯山脉.pdfVIP

Comparative Phylogeography of Direct-Developing Frogs (Anura: Craugastoridae: Pristimantis) in the Southern Andes of Colombia ´ 1 ¤ 2,3 ´ ´ 1 1 1 Juan C. Garcıa-R * , Andrew J. Crawford , Angela Marıa Mendoza , Oscar Ospina , Heiber Cardenas , Fernando Castro1 ´ 1 Department of Biology, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia, 3 Smithsonian Tropical ´ ´ ´ Research Institute, Panama, Republica de Panama Abstract The Andes of South America hosts perhaps the highest amphibian species diversity in the world, and a sizable component of that diversity is comprised of direct-developing frogs of the genus Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae). In order to better understand the initial stages of species formation in these frogs, this study quantified local-scale spatial genetic structuring in three species of Pristimantis. DNA sequences of two mitochondrial gene fragments (16S and COI) were obtained from P. brevifrons, P. palmeri and P. jubatus at different locations in the Cordillera Occidental. We found high levels of genetic diversity in the three species, with highly structured populations (as measured by FST) in P. brevifrons and P. palmeri while P. jubatus showed panmixia. Large effective population sizes, inferred from the high levels of genetic diversity, were found in the three species and two highly divergent lineages were detected within P. jubatus and P. palmeri. Estimated divergence times