有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站- 1、有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。。
- 2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
- 4、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
- 5、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
- 6、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
- 7、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次， 网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档
查看更多
the aging of biomedical research in the united states生物医学研究在美国的老化
The Aging of Biomedical Research in the United States 1 1 1 1,2 Kirstin R. W. Matthews *, Kara M. Calhoun , Nathan Lo , Vivian Ho 1 Science and Technology Policy Program, James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America, 2 Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America Abstract In the past 30 years, the average age of biomedical researchers has steadily increased. The average age of an investigator at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) rose from 39 to 51 between 1980 and 2008. The aging of the biomedical workforce was even more apparent when looking at first-time NIH grantees. The average age of a new investigator was 42 in 2008, compared to 36 in 1980. To determine if the rising barriers at NIH for entry in biomedical research might impact innovative ideas and research, we analyzed the research and publications of Nobel Prize winners from 1980 to 2010 to assess the age at which their pioneering research occurred. We established that in the 30-year period, 96 scientists won the Nobel Prize in medicine or chemistry for work related to biomedicine, and that their groundbreaking research was conducted at an average age of 41—one year younger than the average age of a new investigator at NIH. Furthermore, 78% of the Nobel Prize winners conducted their research before the age of 51, the average age of an NIH principal investigator. This suggested that limited access to NIH might inhibit research potential and novel projects, and could impact biomedicine and the next generation scientists in the United States. Citation: Matthews KRW, Calhoun KM, Lo N, Ho V (2011) The Aging of Biomedical Research in the United States. PL
您可能关注的文档
- targeting acetylcholinesterase identification of chemical leads by high throughput screening, structure determination and molecular modeling针对乙酰胆碱酯酶识别化学带来的高通量筛选、结构测定和分子建模.pdf
- targeting adipose tissue针对脂肪组织.pdf
- targeting anticancer drug delivery to pancreatic cancer cells using a fucose-bound nanoparticle approach胰腺癌细胞靶向抗癌药物输送使用fucose-bound纳米颗粒的方法.pdf
- targeting apoptosis signaling in pancreatic cancer针对在胰腺癌细胞凋亡信号.pdf
- targeting a newly established spontaneous feline fibrosarcoma cell line by gene transfer针对新成立的自发的猫科动物纤维肉瘤细胞系基因转移.pdf
- targeted ubiquitination and degradation of g-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 by the ddb1-cul4 ubiquitin ligase complex有针对性的泛素化和退化ddb1-cul4 g-protein-coupled受体激酶5的泛素连接酶复杂.pdf
- targeting aquaporin function potent inhibition of aquaglyceroporin-3 by a gold-based compound针对水通道蛋白功能强大的抑制aquaglyceroporin-3的黄金为基础的化合物.pdf
- targeting antibody responses to the membrane proximal external region of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus针对抗体反应膜近端外部地区人类免疫缺陷病毒的包膜糖蛋白.pdf
- targeting b cells for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis针对b细胞治疗类风湿性关节炎.pdf
- targeting bone remodeling by isoflavone and 3,3′-diindolylmethane in the context of prostate cancer bone metastasis针对骨重塑的异黄酮和3、3u2032-diindolylmethane在前列腺癌骨转移的背景下.pdf
- the air quality impacts of road closures associated with the 2004 democratic national convention in boston路的空气质量影响闭包与2004年民主党全国代表大会在波士顿.pdf
- the aintegumenta genes, mdant1 and mdant2, are associated with the regulation of cell production during fruit growth in apple (malus × domestica borkh.)mdant1和mdant2 aintegumenta基因,与细胞生产的规定在苹果果实生长期间(马吕斯×有borkh)。.pdf
- the airborne metagenome in an indoor urban environment机载metagenome室内城市环境.pdf
- the allure of the epigenome表观基因组的魅力.pdf
- the alcohol use disorders identification test (audit) reliability and validity of the greek version酒精使用障碍的鉴别试验(审计)的信度和效度的希腊版本.pdf
- the african cichlid fish astatotilapia burtoni uses acoustic communication for reproduction sound production, hearing, and behavioral significance非洲鲷鱼astatotilapia burtoni使用声学通信繁殖发声,听力,和行为意义.pdf
- the alkaloid ageladine a, originally isolated from marine sponges, used for ph-sensitive imaging of transparent marine animals生物碱ageladine,最初从海绵中分离,用于ph-sensitive成像的透明的海洋动物.pdf
- the alveolar epithelial differentiation of glandular inner lining cells in a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung a case report肺泡上皮分化的腺内衬细胞在肺部的粘液表皮样癌病例报告.pdf
- the alpine cushion plant silene acaulis as foundation species a bug’s-eye view to facilitation and microclimate高山垫状植物硅宾acaulis作为基础物种一个bug的便利化和小气候.pdf
- the alveolin imc1h is required for normal ookinete and sporozoite motility behaviour and host colonisation in plasmodium berghei正常需要的alveolin imc1h动合子和孢子体能动性行为和主机在鼠体内定殖.pdf
文档评论（0）