有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站techno-economic evaluation of stillage treatment with anaerobic digestion in a softwood-to-ethanol process技术经济评价台治疗softwood-to-ethanol与厌氧消化过程.pdfVIP
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techno-economic evaluation of stillage treatment with anaerobic digestion in a softwood-to-ethanol process技术经济评价台治疗softwood-to-ethanol与厌氧消化过程
Barta et al. Biotechnology for Biofuels 2010, 3:21 /content/3/1/21 RESEARCH Open Access Techno-economic evaluation of stillage treatment with anaerobic digestion in a softwood-to-ethanol process 1 1 2* Zsolt Barta , Kati Reczey , Guido Zacchi Abstract Background: Replacing the energy-intensive evaporation of stillage by anaerobic digestion is one way of decreasing the energy demand of the lignocellulosic biomass to the ethanol process. The biogas can be upgraded and sold as transportation fuel, injected directly into the gas grid or be incinerated on-site for combined heat and power generation. A techno-economic evaluation of the spruce-to-ethanol process, based on SO2-catalysed steam pretreatment followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, has been performed using the commercial flow-sheeting program Aspen Plus™. Various process configurations of anaerobic digestion of the stillage, with different combinations of co-products, have been evaluated in terms of energy efficiency and ethanol production cost versus the reference case of evaporation. Results: Anaerobic digestion of the stillage showed a significantly higher overall energy efficiency (87-92%), based on the lower heating values, than the reference case (81%). Although the amount of ethanol produced was the same in all scenarios, the production cost varied between 4.00 and 5.27 Swedish kronor per litre (0.38-0.50 euro/L), including the reference case. Conclusions: Higher energy efficiency options did not necessarily result in lower ethanol production costs. Anaerobic digestion of the stillage with biogas upgrading was demonstrated to be a favourable option for both energy efficiency and ethanol production cost. The difference in the production cost of ethanol between using the whole
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