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Biology 2012, 1, 639-657; doi:10.3390/biology1030639 OPEN ACCESS biology ISSN 2079-7737 /journal/biology Article An Eco-Evolutionary Model for Demographic and Phenological Responses in Migratory Birds Jacob Johansson 1,*, Isabel M. Smallegange 2 and Niclas Jonzén 1 1 Department of Biology, Theoretical Population Ecology and Evolution Group, Ecology Bldg, Lund University, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden; E-Mail: niclas.jonzen@biol.lu.se 2 Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK; E-Mail: i.smallegange@imperial.ac.uk * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jacob.johansson@biol.lu.se; Tel.: +46-46-222-4828; Fax: +46-46-222-4716. Received: 3 September 2012; in revised form: 26 October 2012 / Accepted: 6 November 2012 / Published: 14 November 2012 Abstract: Many migratory birds have changed their timing of arrival at breeding grounds in response to recent climate change. Understanding the adaptive value and the demographic consequences of these shifts are key challenges. To address these questions we extend previous models of phenological adaptation to climate change under territory competition to include feedback from population dynamics, winter survival and habitat productivity. We study effects of improved pre-breeding survival and of earlier food abundance peak. We show that phenological responses depend strongly on equilibrium popu