ages secreted by bacteria are involved in the inflammatory response年龄由细菌分泌的参与炎症反应.pdfVIP

AGEs Secreted by Bacteria Are Involved in the Inflammatory Response . . Ifat Cohen-Or , Chen Katz , Eliora Z. Ron* Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Abstract Advanced Glycated End Products (AGEs) are formed by non-enzymatic protein glycation and are implicated in several physiological aspects including cell aging and diseases. Recent data indicate that bacteria – although short lived – produce, metabolize and accumulate AGEs. Here we show that Escherichia coli cells secret AGEs by the energy-dependent efflux pump systems. Moreover, we show that in the presence of these AGEs there is an upshift of pro-inflammatory cytokins by mammalian cells. Thus, we propose that secretion of AGEs by bacteria is a novel avenue of bacterial-induced inflammation which is potentially important in the pathophysiology of bacterial infections. Moreover, the sensing of AGEs by the host cells may constitute a warning system for the presence of bacteria. Citation: Cohen-Or I, Katz C, Ron EZ (2011) AGEs Secreted by Bacteria Are Involved in the Inflammatory Response. PLoS ONE 6(3): e17974. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0017974 Editor: Anne Charlotte Gruner, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Received October 28, 2010; Accepted February 17, 2011; Published March 22, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Cohen-Or et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: CK was supported by a fellowship of the Alfried Krupp Wissenschaftskolleg Greifswald. The funder had no role in study design, data colle