a multivariate approach to a meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of the d.a.r.e. program多元整合的方法审查d.a.r.e.程序的有效性.pdfVIP

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6, 267-277; doi:10.3390/ijerph6010267 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Review A Multivariate Approach to a Meta-Analytic Review of the Effectiveness of the D.A.R.E. Program Wei Pan 1,* and Haiyan Bai 2 1 Division of Educational Studies and Leadership, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210049, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, U.S.A. 2 Department of Educational Research, Technology, and Leadership, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 161250, Orlando, Florida 32816, U.S.A.; E-Mail: hbai@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; Tel.: +1-513-556-2610; Fax: +1-513-556- 3535; E-Mail: wei.pan@ Received: 8 December 2008 / Accepted: 8 January 2009 / Published: 13 January 2009 Abstract: The Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program is a widespread but controversial school-based drug prevention program in the United States as well as in many other countries. The present multivariate meta-analysis reviewed 20 studies that assessed the effectiveness of the D.A.R.E. program in the United States. The results showed that the effects of the D.A.R.E. program on drug use did not vary across the studies with a less than small overall effect while the effects on psychosocial behavior varied with still a less than small over