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A Lateral Flow Assay for Quantitative Detection of Amplified HIV-1 RNA 1 1 2 1 Brittany A. Rohrman , Veronica Leautaud , Elizabeth Molyneux , Rebecca R. Richards-Kortum * 1 Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America, 2 Paediatric Department, College of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi Abstract Although the accessibility of HIV treatment in developing nations has increased dramatically over the past decade, viral load testing to monitor the response of patients receiving therapy is often unavailable. Existing viral load technologies are often too expensive or resource-intensive for poor settings, and there is no appropriate HIV viral load test currently available at the point-of-care in low resource settings. Here, we present a lateral flow assay that employs gold nanoparticle probes and gold enhancement solution to detect amplified HIV RNA quantitatively. Preliminary results show that, when coupled with nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA), this assay can detect concentrations of HIV RNA that match the clinically relevant range of viral loads found in HIV patients. The lateral flow test is inexpensive, simple and rapid to perform, and requires few resources. Our results suggest that the lateral flow assay may be integrated with amplification and sample preparation technologies to serve as an HIV viral load test for low-resource settings. Citation: Rohrman BA, Leautaud V, Molyneux E, Richards-Kortum RR (2012) A Lateral Flow Assay for Quantitative Detection of Amplified HIV-1 RNA. PLoS ONE 7(9): e45611. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045611 Editor: Meni Wanunu, Northeastern University, United States of America Received May