a comparative analysis of extra-embryonic endoderm cell lines胚外内胚层细胞系的比较分析.pdfVIP

a comparative analysis of extra-embryonic endoderm cell lines胚外内胚层细胞系的比较分析.pdf

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a comparative analysis of extra-embryonic endoderm cell lines胚外内胚层细胞系的比较分析

A Comparative Analysis of Extra-Embryonic Endoderm Cell Lines 1 1 ´ ˆ 2 1 3 Kemar Brown , Stephanie Legros , Jerome Artus , Michael Xavier Doss , Raya Khanin , Anna-Katerina 2 1 Hadjantonakis , Ann Foley * 1 Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America, 2 Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America, 3 Computational Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America Abstract Prior to gastrulation in the mouse, all endodermal cells arise from the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst stage embryo. Primitive endoderm and its derivatives are generally referred to as extra-embryonic endoderm (ExEn) because the majority of these cells contribute to extra-embryonic lineages encompassing the visceral endoderm (VE) and the parietal endoderm (PE). During gastrulation, the definitive endoderm (DE) forms by ingression of cells from the epiblast. The DE comprises most of the cells of the gut and its accessory organs. Despite their different origins and fates, there is a surprising amount of overlap in marker expression between the ExEn and DE, making it difficult to distinguish between these cell types by marker analysis. This is significant for two main reasons. First, because endodermal organs, such as the liver and pancreas, play important physiological roles in adult animals, much experimental effort has been directed in recent years toward the establishment of protocols for the efficient derivation of endodermal cell types in vitro. Conversely, factors secreted by the VE play pivotal roles that cannot be attributed to the DE in early axis formation, heart form

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