14-3-3 proteins are regulators of autophagy14-3-3蛋白是自噬的监管机构.pdfVIP

Cells 2012, 1, 754-773; doi:10.3390/cells1040754 OPEN ACCESS cells ISSN 2073-4409 /journal/cells Review 14-3-3 Proteins are Regulators of Autophagy Mercedes Pozuelo-Rubio Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Av. Américo Vespucio s/n, Sevilla-41092, Spain; E-Mail: merce_pozo@yahoo.es; Tel.: +34-600826730; Fax: +34-954461664 Received: 30 June 2012; in revised form: 3 August 2012 / Accepted: 18 September 2012 / Published: 15 October 2012 Abstract: 14-3-3 proteins are implicated in the regulation of proteins involved in a variety of signaling pathways. 14-3-3-dependent protein regulation occurs through phosphorylation-dependent binding that results, in many cases, in the release of survival signals in cells. Autophagy is a cell digestion process that contributes to overcoming nutrient deprivation and is initiated under stress conditions. However, whether autophagy is a cell survival or cell death mechanism remains under discussion and may depend on context. Nevertheless, autophagy is a cellular process that determines cell fate and is tightly regulated by different signaling pathways, some of which, for example MAPK, PI3K and mTOR, are tightly regulated by 14-3-3 proteins. It is therefore important to understand the role of 14-3-3 protein in