循环系统第一讲（The first lecture on circulatory system）.docVIP

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循环系统第一讲（The first lecture on circulatory system）.doc

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循环系统第一讲（The first lecture on circulatory system）

循环系统第一讲（The first lecture on circulatory system） Heart failure I. Basic Knowledge (1) the basic causes and causes of heart failure; 1, the basic cause of disease (1) myocardial contractility decrease: coronary heart disease is the most common (2) afterload (pressure, load) increased: arterial pressure increased. Such as hypertension (systemic hypertension), aortic valve stenosis (left ventricular afterload), pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary stenosis (right ventricular afterload) (3) pre load (capacity, load) increased: valvular insufficiency, congenital cardiovascular disease (arteriovenous fistula), anemia, hyperthyroidism 2, predisposing factors: infection, arrhythmia and improper treatment are the main causes of heart failure. Respiratory infection is the most common and most important cause. (two) grading of cardiac function 1. Acute myocardial infarction was graded by Killip: Class I: no pulmonary rales and third heart sounds; Grade II: pulmonary rales are less than 50% lung fields; there is left heart failure Stage III: pulmonary rales, 50%, acute pulmonary edema; Stage IV: cardiogenic shock (blood pressure less than 90/60mmHg) 2. Non acute myocardial infarction was graded by NYHA: Level 1: the patient has a heart attack, but physical activity is not limited. General physical activity does not cause excessive fatigue, palpitations, asthma, or angina. Class II (heart failure, degree I): the patient has a heart attack so that physical mobility is slightly restricted. No symptoms at rest, general physical activity (daily activities) resulting in excessive fatigue, palpitations, asthma, or angina. Climb the stairs to the 3 floor. Stage III (heart failure II): patients suffer from heart disease, resulting in marked physical activity. Having no symptoms at rest, but less than normal physical activity, or engaging in general household activities can cause excessive fatigue, palpitations, asthma or angina. Climb the stairs to the 2 floor. Class IV (degree of heart