13.1机器和大工业（13.1 machines and large industries）.docVIP

13.1机器和大工业（13.1 machines and large industries） The thirteenth chapter Machines and Industry The development of the 1. machines John Stuart Muller in his political economics principle in the book said Avenue： It is doubtful whether all the existing mechanical invention, whether to alleviate any day of toil. (86) However, this is not the purpose of capitalist machine. Like all other hair As the exhibition of labor productivity, the machine is to make goods cheaper is to shorten the workers Part is the cost of their working day, he gave freely in order to extend the capitalist work On the part of. The machine is the production of surplus value means. The transformation of the mode of production, the handicraft industry in the labor force as the starting point, in the large In the industry labor data as a starting point. Therefore, should first study, labor data from The tool into machine, or machine and hand tools industry, what is the difference. Here Can only talk about significant general characteristics, because each era of social history, as to Every time the ball in the history, can not draw Abstract strict bounds. Mathematicians and scientists say, is a simple machine tool, machine tool is complex. Some British economists also repeated this claim. They do not see the nature of the relationship between the two The difference between the mechanical force, even as simple as levers, inclined plane, wedge and so on, also called spiral Machine. (87) indeed, any machine is composed of these simple force, whether it How to refit and combination. But from the point of view of economics, this kind of useless instructions, Because of the elements which have no history. On the other hand, some people believe that the tools and machines The difference is: the tool is the driving force, the machine power is different from human nature Force, such as livestock, water, wind and so on. (88) according to this statement, in the very different Ox drawn plow in the production of the