Civil War and Reconstruction - Rockhurst University Kansas 内战与重建——洛克斯特大学堪萨斯.pptVIP

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Civil War and Reconstruction - Rockhurst University Kansas 内战与重建——洛克斯特大学堪萨斯.ppt

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Civil War and Reconstruction - Rockhurst University Kansas 内战与重建——洛克斯特大学堪萨斯

Civil War and Reconstruction Causes of the Civil War Slavery Moral issue—NO Compromise on the moral issues Cultural Differences States’ Rights Conflicting interpretations of the Constitution Economics Western Territories Politics Split of the Democratic party over slavery Development—and success of—the GOP Lincoln’s Dilemma, 1861 Lincoln had four choices when he came into office: adopt the Crittenden Compromise and wait for seceded states to return blockade the ports of the South, and wait for them to succumb raise a huge army and batter the Confederacy into submission give up and let seceded states go in peace Lincoln refused to back off his campaign pledge of no western expansion of slavery but guaranteed the operation of the Fugitive Slave Law Ft. Sumter, April 12, 1861 Lincoln attached great importance to the retention of two U.S. forts in the South, Pickens (Pensacola) and Sumter (Charleston) sent a supply ship to Ft. Sumter on April 11, 1861 Davis also attached great importance to keeping forts Confederate forces, on Davis’ orders, open fired on Ft. Sumter on April 12 Fort surrendered the next day War Aims Confederacy: Independence Be left alone Fight a defensive war Lots of land to conquer Don’t force war Foreign recognition U.S.: Restore the Union Be the aggressor put down the rebellion Invade South and destroy the rebel army and government Advantages Confederacy: Fighting defensive war South a huge territory Knew the territory Southerner fighting to protect his home Union: Population 18 million persons in North; 9 million in South (4 million were slaves) Industry 90% of nation’s manufacturing capacity 2/3 of railroad miles Most raw materials—iron, coal, copper, and precious metals were in the North controlled the seas U.S. Army Battle over the Border States Maryland Pratt St. Riot, April 19, 1861 Md. placed under martial law; habeas corpus suspended Missouri Mo. Legislature refused to secede from Union But Gov. Jackson sought to join the Confederacy