癌基因与抑癌基因（Oncogene and anti-oncogene）.docVIP

癌基因与抑癌基因（Oncogene and anti-oncogene） Oncogene and anti-oncogene History of tumor markers: First stage (1963-1978): carcinoembryonic antigen In 1963, Abelev discovered AFP, which increased significantly in HCC, colon cancer and germ cell tumors, AFP. In 1965, Gold Freeman et al expounded that CEA is closely related to colorectal cancer and opened up a period of tumor markers research. Second stage (1979-1989): carbohydrate antigen was the main 1980 Koprowski CA19-9 (1116-NS-19-9) 1981 Bast et al CA125 (OC125) Third stage (after 1990): genetic marker Tumor marker The role of oncogenes (oncogene, ONC) and their expressed products Oncogenes, including viral oncogene (v-onc) and cell carcinoma gene (c-onc) two, have potential induction Characteristics of malignant transformation of cells. V-onc is a special nucleotide sequence of the viral genome, can cause cell transformation; c-onc gene is present in normal cell genome, in a static state or low expression in normal circumstances, not only harmless to cells, but also plays an important role in maintaining the normal function of the cell, but the abnormal expression, the product can make the cell unlimited division. Expression of oncogene: expressed in 3 Italic lower case letters, such as Ras, SRC, Myc, etc.. The virus oncogene is prefixed with V in front of its name, such as v-ras. Cell oncogene: prefixed with C in front of its name, such as c-ras. (I) viral oncogene The viral oncogene is found in retroviruses represented by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Rous. Under normal circumstances, the virus oncogene is inactive and once activated by radiation or chemical carcinogens, it is activated in whole or in part, causing tumors to develop. (two) cell oncogene A cancer gene in normal cells that is introduced into normal cells to transform normal cells into cancer cells. take The cancer gene in the cell is called a cell oncogene (c-onc) or proto oncogene (proto-onc). The action of a cell oncogene, expressed by the product of its