病理生理习题（Pathophysiology exercises）.docVIP

病理生理习题（Pathophysiology exercises） The first, second chapter is introduction, an introduction to disease Noun interpretation Underlying pathological processes: the underlying pathological process is the common, complete, functional, metabolic, and morphological changes that may occur in the course of many diseases. Such as: water and electrolyte disorders, acid-base balance, hypoxia, fever, stress, shock, DIC and so on. Health: it is now generally accepted that health is not a general term for disease, but rather a general term for physical and mental health. In other words, health consists of at least a strong body and a sound mental state. Disease: an abnormal life process that occurs when the organism is damaged by the cause of disease under certain conditions. Questions and answers 1. try to explain the rule of cause and effect transformation and vicious circle in the pathogenesis of large bleeding caused by trauma Answer: large bleeding - cardiac output decreased - decreased blood pressure - sympathetic activation - arterioles, venules, contraction - tissue hypoxia - capillary large opening - microcirculation congestion - back blood volume decreased - cardiac output decreased. Thus entering a vicious cycle, low blood pressure seriously lowered the perfusion state. 2. what is brain death? How to judge? A: death is the permanent cessation of the function of the organism as a whole, but it does not mean that all organs and tissues die at the same time. Therefore, brain death has been proposed in recent years. At present, more than half of the occipital space, brain death as a standard of brain death. When brain death occurs, it means the actual death of a person. Therefore, brain death has become an important marker of death in recent years. The criteria for judging brain death are as follows: (1) spontaneous breathing stops and requires continuous artificial respiration. (2) irreversible deep coma. No autonomic muscle activity, no response to external stimuli, but