王镜岩生物化学笔记（Wang Jingyan notes on Biochemistry）.docVIP

王镜岩生物化学笔记（Wang Jingyan notes on Biochemistry） The first section is an overview Biomolecules are organic compounds that are unique to living organisms Biomolecules refer to all kinds of molecules peculiar to living organisms, and they are all organic compounds. Typical cells contain ten thousand to one hundred thousand biological molecules, nearly half of which are small molecules, and the molecular weight is generally below 500. The rest are small molecules of biological polymers, large molecular weight, generally more than ten thousand, and some as high as 1012, which is called biological macromolecules. A small molecular unit that forms a biological macromolecule; called a component. Amino acids, nucleotides, and monosaccharides are components of proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. Two. Biomolecules have complex and orderly structures Biomolecules have their own unique structures. Biological macromolecules have large molecular weight, many kinds of components, large numbers and varied sequence of arrangement, so their structures are very complex. It is estimated that there are only 1010-1012 proteins. Biological molecules are ordered, each biological molecule has its own structural characteristics, all biological molecules are in a certain order (Organization) exist in the life system. Three, biological structure has a special level With a few biological biological elements (C, H, O, N, S, P) composed of small molecular components, such as amino acids, nucleotides, sugars and other components; and the simple structure of biological macromolecules by biological macromolecular complex; a supramolecular assembly; and the formation of organelles, cells, tissues, organs and systems. Organism. There are qualitative differences in different biological structure levels: low level structure, simple, no species specificity, strong combining ability, complex high-level structure, species specificity and weak combining ability. Biological macromolecules are the mate