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Statics SFU.ca(静力学SFU.ca)
Fluid Statics
When the fluid velocity is zero, called the hydrostatic condition, the pressure variation is due only to the
weight of the fluid.
Consider a small wedge of fluid at rest of size Δx, Δz, Δs and depth b into the paper. There is no shear
stress by definition, and pressure is assumed to be identical on each face (small element).
g
Fig. 1: Equilibrium of a small Fluid element at rest.
Since the element is at rest, summation of all forces must equal zero.
0 ∆ ∆
1
0 ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆
2
From geometry, ∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ . After substitution in above equations, one finds:
1
∆
2
This means:
1) There is no pressure change in the horizontal direction.
2) There is a vertical change in pressure proportional to the density, gravity and depth change in
the fluid (i.e. the weight of the column of the fluid above the point).
Note: in the limit as the fluid wedge shrinks to a point, Δz goes to zero, we have: .
Thus, pressure in a static fluid is a point property.
Pressure force on a fluid element
Assume the pressure vary arbitrarily in a fluid, p=p(x,y,z,t). Consider a fluid element of size Δx,
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