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Scales in Music UMass(尺度在音乐马塞诸斯州大学的)
Scales in Music
Gary Hardegree
Department of Philosophy
University of Massachusetts
Amherst, MA 01003
1. Introduction1
2. The Fundamental Unit – The Octave 2
1. An Aside on Logarithmic Scales 5
2. Cents and Sensibility6
3. The Pythagorean Construction of the Major Scale 7
4. Ptolemaic Tuning 10
5. Mean-Tone Temperament (Tuning by Major Thirds) 11
6. Problems with Perfect Tuning12
1. An Aside on The Circle of Fifths and the Circle of Thirds14
2. Back to the Problem of Tuning by Fifths 14
3. Ptolemaic Tuning Makes Matters Even Worse! 15
4. Mean-Tone Temperament’s Wolves17
7. What to do? 18
1. Give up Universality 18
2. Give up Practicality – The Purist Approach 18
3. Give up Perfect Tuning – Equal Temperament 19
4. Alternative Instruments 19
5. Reconsidering Universality – Well-Tempered Scales 20
8. Summary of Temperament Systems 21
9. Other Seven-Tone Scales 22
10. Pentatonic Scales23
11. Equal-Interval Scales 24
1. 31ET24
2. 53ET26
1. Introduction
As noted earlier, the use of the word ‘scale’ in measurement theory is closely related to its use in
music; in particular, this use of ‘scale’ derives from the Latin word sc³lae [ladder]. In this section we
examine musical scales from the viewpoint of measurement theory (and of course music theory) . As
w
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