neocentromeres come of ageneocentromeres来的年龄.pdfVIP

Perspective Neocentromeres Come of Age 1 1,2 Owen J. Marshall , K. H. Andy Choo * 1 Chromosome and Chromatin Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 2 Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Sixteen years ago, the discovery of a fell into two distinct classes: proximal Does this mean, then, that centromeres newly formed, ectopic centromere in a neocentromeres, which formed close to are incompatible with gene expression? human [1,2] was a turning point for the location of the original, excised Experiments such as the current work centromere research. Whereas previously centromere (Figure 1B); and distal neocen- and recent reports in fission yeast [10]— centromeres had been thought of as tromeres, which formed at all other where genes inserted within centromeric immovable and unchanging, embedded locations on the chromosome (Figure 1C). chromatin were similarly down-regulat- in vast tracts of tandemly repeated DNA, Although experimentally induced neocen- ed—would suggest that this is the case. this new centromere—or neocentro- tromere formation has been previously But these results are somewhat contra- mere—lacked any characteristic centro- investigated in flies [6,7], plants [8], and dicted by results in human cells, where at meric DNA sequences and had formed in other fungi [9], this is the first example, to both a neocentromere [11] and artificial- a gene-rich area of the genome. Essential- our k