natural selection fails to optimize mutation rates for long-term adaptation on rugged fitness landscapes长期适应自然选择无法优化变异率在崎岖的健身景观.pdfVIP

Natural Selection Fails to Optimize Mutation Rates for Long-Term Adaptation on Rugged Fitness Landscapes 1,2 3 1 4 2,5 ´ 2,6 Jeff Clune *, Dusan Misevic , Charles Ofria , Richard E. Lenski , Santiago F. Elena , Rafael Sanjuan ´ 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America, 2 Instituto de Biologıa Molecular y ` ` Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain, 3 Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 4 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America, 5 The Santa Fe ` ` Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America, 6 Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain Abstract The rate of mutation is central to evolution. Mutations are required for adaptation, yet most mutations with phenotypic effects are deleterious. As a consequence, the mutation rate that maximizes adaptation will be some intermediate value. Here, we used digital organisms to investigate the ability of natural selection to adjust and optimize mutation rates. We assessed the optimal mutation rate by empiricall