natural selection on functional modules, a genome-wide analysis自然选择功能模块、全基因组分析.pdfVIP

Natural Selection on Functional Modules, a Genome- Wide Analysis 1 1 ´ 2,3,4 ´ 1 Franc¸ois Serra , Leonardo Arbiza , Joaquın Dopazo *, Hernan Dopazo * ´ ´ 1 Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Bioinformatics Genomics Department, Centro de Investigacion Prıncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain, 2 Functional Genomics Lab, Bioinformatics ´ ´ ´ ´ Genomics Department, Centro de Investigacion Prıncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain, 3 CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Centro de Investigacion Prıncipe Felipe, ´ ´ Valencia, Spain, 4 Functional Genomics Node (INB), Centro de Investigacion Prıncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain Abstract Classically, the functional consequences of natural selection over genomes have been analyzed as the compound effects of individual genes. The current paradigm for large-scale analysis of adaptation is based on the observed significant deviations of rates of individual genes from neutral evolutionary expectation. This approach, which assumed independence among genes, has not been able to identify biological functions significantly enriched in positively selected genes in individual species. Alternatively, pooling related species has enhanced the search for signatures of selection. However, grouping signatures does not allow testing for adaptive differences between speci