散文简介PPT.pptVIP

主要内容 散 文 的 定 义 散文的定义有广义和狭义之分，传统意义和现代意义之分。 广义的散文指诗歌、小说、戏剧以外的所有具有文学性的散行文章 ；狭义的散文指文艺性散文 。 传统意义上散文的概念十分宽泛，是指除韵文（诗词曲赋）以外的一切文体，包括奏疏、书信、策论等实用文体。现代意义的散文是指和诗歌、小说、戏剧并称的一种文学体裁。通常所说的散文指的就是后者。 散文的英文定义 PROSE, a word supposed to be derived from the Lat. prorsus, direct or straight, straightforward, hence the term prosaic, which is often seen a pejorative. and signifying the plain speech of mankind, when written, or rhetorically composed, without reference to the rules of verse. Prose describes the type of writing that prose embodies, unadorned with obvious stylistic devices. Prose writing is usually adopted for the description of facts or the discussion of whatever ones thoughts are, incorporated in free flowing speech.  相关英文描绘 Prose is simply regular writing, like in a story, a letter, or regular speech. There are usually no patterns, just sentences and paragraphs. Prose is considered one of the two major literary structures, with the other being verse.Prose lacks the more formal metrical structure of verse that is almost always found in traditional poetry. everything that is not prose is verse, and everything that is not verse is prose. Samuel Taylor Coleridge: prose,—words in their best order; poetry,—the best words in their best order. Poetry and prose overlap considerably. There are, in fact, great traditions of poetic prose and prose poetry, so, on some level, its foolish to imagine that theres a clear cut difference and never the twain shall meet. 散文的起源 散文的起源便是人们观察生活，思考其观察意义的本能。 东方文学散文的起源：从孔子的《论语》，老子的《老子》，孟子的《孟子》中能读出先人对生活的这种格言式思考与论断。而且，这种格言式论断似乎贯穿散文发展的整个过程 ，在日记、杂志、书信、旁注、格言缉、忠告集中，在当代报纸的时评里，这种格言式散文时有出现。 西方散文的根源可以追溯到《圣经》的《箴言》（《Proverbs》）和《传道书》（Ecclesiastes），以及古希腊、古罗马“智慧型”作品中思辨性的论断。作者以谚语、格言或警句的形式记下自己对生活中智慧、财富、婚姻或父子关系等问题的思考。 散文的精神 散文是生活的解析者，她以自然平实，直接冷静的语调记录并阐释感动她的一切，让自己的鉴赏游移于其美丽与深邃之间，叙述平易而非学究。 换句话说： 散文的精神在于它对生活的观察与思考，它传达给读者的是丰满的生活。她同情，但不自怜；她很个性，但她感怀而不感伤；她着重风格而非无懈可击的推理；她以