a young drosophila duplicate gene plays essential roles in spermatogenesis by regulating several y-linked male fertility genes一个年轻的果蝇重复基因在精子发生中扮演至关重要的角色通过调节几个y-linked男性生育能力的基因.pdfVIP

A Young Drosophila Duplicate Gene Plays Essential Roles in Spermatogenesis by Regulating Several Y-Linked Male Fertility Genes 1,2. 1,2. 1 1,2 1,2 1 1 Yun Ding , Li Zhao , Shuang Yang , Yu Jiang , Yuan Chen , Ruoping Zhao , Yue Zhang , Guojie 1,2 1,2 3 1,2¤ 1 Zhang , Yang Dong , Haijing Yu , Qi Zhou , Wen Wang * 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China, 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, 3 Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources and Human Genetics Center of Yunnan University, Kunming, China Abstract Gene duplication is supposed to be the major source for genetic innovations. However, how a new duplicate gene acquires functions by integrating into a pathway and results in adaptively important phenotypes has remained largely unknown. Here, we investigated the biological roles and the underlying molecular mechanism of the young kep1 gene family in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup to understand the origin and evolution of new genes with new functions. Sequence and expression analysis demonstrates that one of the new duplicates, nsr (novel spermatogenesis regulator), exhibits positive selection signals and novel subcellular localization pattern. Targeted mutagenesis and whole- transcriptome sequencing analysis provide evidence that nsr is required for male reproduction associated with sperm individualization, coiling, and structural integrity of the