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Open access, freely available online Research Digest Synopses of Research Articles Evolution of a Primate Defense against Intragenomic Infi ltrators DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020292 Anyone who uses a word processor is likely thankful for the spell checker program. But that autocorrect function can introduce errors, “correcting” the spelling of words to fi t its stored repertoire, which is decidedly limited. Take that one step further and imagine a rogue program that destroys the coherence and meaning of your prose by swapping out one letter for another throughout the document. That’s the situation retroviruses like the human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) face during the course 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020292.g001 of their infectious cycle, when a protein encoded by the host genome slips into the virus, mutates the virus’s genetic material, Genetic confl ict between the host antiviral editing enzyme and alters the viral genome. APOBEC3G, and the viral Vif protein leads to rapid fi xation of The gene, APOBEC3G, belongs to a family of primate genes amino acid replacements in both proteins that produce enzymes (in this case, APOBEC3G) that “edit” DNA APOBEC3G and Vif interact in T-cells, but the fact that selective and RNA, by slipping into viral particles and inducing mutations pressure on APOBEC3G has been constant over the course of that replace one base (cytosine) with another (uracil) as the virus primate evolution suggests that another force is also acting undergoes reverse transcription in the host cell’s cytoplasm. The on