被动态(腹稿)1.p...pptVIP

被动态（一） Passive Infinitive 主动句和被动句相互转化关系 1）主动句变被动句的转化原则 a）当主动词为SVO（即主谓宾）结构时，例如： They punished the criminal. → The criminal was punished. I water my roses everyday. → My roses are watered by me everyday. 即：A do＼did B → B be done (by A) b）如果主动句带有情态v.或半助v.，在变为被动句时，情态v.或半助v.保持不变。例如： They should do the work at once. → The work should be done at once. He is likely to be let you down. → You are likely to be let down. 即：A should＼must＼be likely to＼be apt to … do B → B should＼must＼be likely to＼be apt to … be done. 一.被动态的使用场合 a.说话人为了把句子的语义重心放在事件本身而不必提到施动者时，常用被动句 Hundreds of passengers were killed in the crash. b.由于不知道施动者为谁，或者为了含蓄不愿道出施动者为谁时，常用被动句 This book was published in the 16th century. c.为了强调施动者，如果让他出现在主语的位置上便不能受到应有的强调时，常用带by-词组的被动句 Who invented the telephone？ —It was invented by Graham Bell. 两种被动句型的转换 People believed that she is honest. → It is believed that she is honest. （一） （it+be+过去分词+that从句） → She is believed to be honest .（二） （主语+be+过去分词+不定式） 句型一转换为句型二时，句型二的不定式结构形式取决于句型一种that-分句的动词形式。有以 下a b c种情况 英汉被动意义表示法比较 在被动意义表示法方面，英语和汉语有一些类似的情况，比如在汉语中有“据说”、“据报导”、“众所周知”、“必须指出”等。例如： 1)It is said that the workers all regarded him with sympathy. 2)It must be pointed out that China is a developing country and will always take sides with the Third World. 汉语有一种不出现主语的句子，英语通常都可用被动结构来表达。如： A spy was caught yesterday. (昨天抓到了一个特务。) 汉语有一些以主动结构表示被动意义的句子，英语也有类似的情况。如： This kind of material sells well. (这种料子容易销售。) 但有时汉语能用主动结构表示被动意义，英语却要用被动结构。如： 1) You letter has been received. (你的来信已经收到。) 2) The building of the new library will be completed ahead of time . (新图书馆将提前竣工。 ) 主动结构表示被动意义的问题 英语里有些动词能以主动结构表示被动意义，当它们作为不及物动词用于SV(A)结构中时，往往含有被动意义。分为两种情况： 1)用这类动词的进行体（主要是现在进行体）表被动意义，其主语通常是指物的。如： The house is building. =The house is being built. 2)用这类动词（最常用的是一般现在时）表被动意义，其主语通常具有某些内在特征，能够促使所表示的动作得以