nathaniel hawthorne 4美国文学霍桑课件.pptVIP

Status American Shakespeare The largest brain with the largest heart (Herman Melville) Life 1804, Salem, Massachusetts John Hathorne (1692 Salem witch trials) Widowed mother ( seldom went downstairs afterwards) 1821-1825, Bowdoin College Longfellow, Franklin Pierce (14th president) After graduation, Utopian experiment at Brook Farm 布鲁克农场 economic self-sufficiency, transcendentalist principle 1842, marriage fellow transcendentalist called Sophia Peabody 1846-1849, Salem Custom House 1853-1857, consul in Liverpool appointed by Pierce 1864, death He says of his ancestors “I…hereby take shame upon myself for their sakes, and pray that any curse incurred by them…may be now and henceforth removed.” (lifelong nightmare) He says of his hometown “Human nature will not flourish any more than a potato, if it be planted and replanted, for too long a series of generations, in the same worn-out soil.” (Salem) Hawthorne was essentially of a solitary nature, and group life was not for him. He was not so optimistic as Emerson and his Transcendentalism. Major Works Long Novels: The Scarlet Letter (1850) The House of the Seven Gables (1851) The Blithedale Romance (1852) The Marble Faun (1860) Collections of Short Novels: Twice-Told Tales(1837 and 1842) Mosses from an Old Manse (1846) Styles 霍桑认为：与文明而古老的欧洲相比，美国“没有阴影，没有古风，没有秘传，没有绚丽而又昏默的冤孽，只有光天之下的枯燥乏味的繁荣”，给作家提供的素材极少。因此，霍桑把注意力转向过去，力图借助想象去挖掘历史上对创作有益的素材，以便“把过去了的时代与我们面前一瞬即逝的现在联系起来”。这也暗示了他以古喻今的创作意图。但是出于清教徒的审慎，霍桑采取了浪漫主义小说的创作形式。他认为只有这样，作者才能以自己选择的方式构思和创作，而又不必拘泥于细节的真实，才能在“真实的世界”和“仙境”之间找到现实与想象得以相结合的“中间地带”。霍桑的伟大正在于他能以表面温和而实质犀利的笔锋暴露黑暗、讽刺邪恶、揭示真理。 Young Goodman Brown 古德曼?布朗(Goodman Brown)新婚不久，不知怎么鬼使神差，一天晚上，他非要去一趟森林。于是，他告别了妻子斐丝(Faith)，毅然前往。在树林里，他见到一个五十来岁的男人，从他们的对话来看，显然是约好了要见面的。奇怪的是，见了面以后，还没说什么呢，布朗就要回去。那个男人跟他边走边谈，说如果不能说服布朗，他再回去不迟。布朗觉得自己走得太远了，因为他的父亲和爷爷都没有这么深入地走进过这树林。那人提起他曾经帮助过布朗的爷爷和父亲，还和许多教堂的执事甚至州长都有交情。但布朗不大相信，而且害怕继续跟此人走下去，就无颜面对牧师了。那人大笑起来，并让布朗看看周围，教过他基督教义问答的老太太，还有牧师和教堂执事都往林子里走呢！于是，布