义乌市小学教师嗓音言语疾患及其相关因素研究.docVIP

义乌市小学教师嗓音言语疾患及其相关因素研究【摘要】 目的 了解浙江省义乌市小学教师嗓音言语疾病患病现状及成因，指导小学教师做好嗓音言语疾病防治工作。方法 对义乌市城区及农村部分小学教师采用自制的“小学教师嗓音保健调查表”进行问卷调查及耳鼻咽喉专科检查。结果 1 027名小学教师中，检出声音嘶哑者285名，检出率为27.75%，女性检出率明显高于男性；小学一、二年级教师检出率最高，喉部检查结果以声带小结和慢性喉炎最多。造成小学教师嗓音言语疾病高发的因素除过度用嗓外，与教师的生活习惯、胃食管反流、噪声污染、环境污染等密切相关。结论小学教师嗓音言语疾病检出率较高，应采取相应防治措施。 【关键词】 耳鼻咽喉疾病；患病率；因素分析，统计学 【中图分类号】 G 478.2 R 767.92 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000-9817(2008)01-0034-02 The Prevalence of Voice and Speech Disease and the Influencing Factors Among Primary School Teachers in Yiwu/LOU Zheng-Cai?*，LOU Zi-han,LOU Peng. ?* Department of Otolaryngology,Central Hospital of Yiwu,Yiwu(322000) ,Zhejiang Province,China 【Abstract】 Objective To study the prevalence of voice and speech diseases and the causes among primary school teachers in Yiwu,and to direct the teachers to prevent voice and speech diseases. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 1 027 primary school teachers in Yiwu,and medical examination was conducted with laryngoscopy and gastroscopy. Results The detection rate of hoarseness was 27.75%(285/1 027),and the rate was higher in female than in male.The highest detection rate was found among the teacher of grade one and grade two.The diseases were mainly vocal nodules and chronic laryngitis.The diseases were mainly vocal nodules and chronic laryngitis.The causes to voice and speech diseases were over-using throat,living habits,regurgitation of stomach or oesophagus,noises and environmental pollution. Conclusion The dection rate of voice and speech diseases is high among primary school teachers,and prevention measures should be taken. 【Key words】 Otorhinolaryngologic diseases;Prevalence;Factor analysis,statistical 教师一直是嗓音言语疾病的高危人群，尤其是小学教师。为充分了解小学教师嗓音言语疾病的患病率、患病规律、患病原因和嗓音言语保健的要求，2006年9-11月笔者对义乌市城区及农村部分学校小学教师嗓音言语疾病患病情况进行了调查，以期了解义乌市小学教师嗓音言语疾病患病现状及影响因素，为小学教师嗓音言语保健提供科学依据。 1 对象与方法 1.1 对象 选取义乌市城区4所小学和农村5所小学教师1 027名进行调查，包括担任语文、数学、英语、体育、音乐、思想品德、美术、自然、信息科共9门课程的教师。其中男性341名，女性686名，男∶女=1∶2.0；年龄为20～53岁，平均27.4岁。吸烟者128人，占男性的