专题三非谓语动词概要.ppt

语法专题（二）非谓语动词和语态 Designed by Isabella Tsui 动 词 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。 （一）. 不定式 动词不定式无人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化. 1. 作主语 侧重于动作的具体性和将来性 To talk with you is a great pleasure. To find the building took him a lot of time． 但为使句子平衡,常用it 代它作主语, 把它移到句子后部去. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. It took him a lot of time to find the building. （形式主语） 2. 作宾语 A. 跟不定式作宾语的常见动词: （１）hope, want , expect, wish, desire等表希望，想要的动词 （２）like, love, dislike ,hate等表好恶的动词 （３） plan, intend, mean, prepare等表 计划，打算的动词 （４）decide, determine 等表决定的动词 （５）其他动词(to+do) afford, fail, manage, try、arrange、 dare, help , promise、refuse、 learn、offer、 agree、forget ,bother I want to do it myself. Our teacher promised to see the film with us. B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope you’ll advise me what to do. C. 常跟形式宾语的动词 有些及物动词需要后接”宾语+宾补”意思才完整.作宾语的动词不定式还带有自己的补足语,常用it 替代,而将其移到补足语后. Consider, feel, make ,find, believe, know, regard… We think it important to obey the law. I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 3. 作表语 A.表示按计划和安排发生的事情 He is to marry Rose. B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性 Her wishes was to become an artist. C. 表示情态意义(应该, 必须) The form is to be filled in and returned within a week. She is to blame. 4. 作定语 A.表即将发生的情况 Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.(主谓关系) She has a good chance to go to college. (同位关系) He has got lots of questions to ask. (动宾关系) ※注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词, 它后面应有必要的介词. There is nothing to worry about. 2.不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的动作所发生的地点或所使用的工具时, 它后面要带上必要的介词. I need a pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in B. 常跟不定式作定语的名词(记) need, time, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, decision,, wish… Is that the best way to solve the problem? They had no chance to go to school in those years. Our decision to wait was wise. 5. 作宾语补足语 跟不定式作宾语