通过了晋升上级职称的各项考试.ppt

Major points The meaning of ‘diction’ in translation The reasons for using diction The methods of diction Application of diction to translation practice The meaning of ‘diction’ Identify and determine the meaning of ST words. (选义→选择原文字词之义) Find an appropriate word in the target language to express the determined meaning of the ST word. (择词→选择译文字词恰当地表达原词之意) Reasons for using diction Polysemy Examples: light music (intended chiefly to entertain) 轻音乐 light loss (not heavy) 轻微的损失 light car (having little weight) 轻便的汽车 light heart (relaxed) 轻松的心情 light step (gentle) 轻快的脚步 light manners (frivolous) 轻浮的举止 light outfit (handy) 轻巧的装备 light work (requiring little effort) 轻松的工作 light voice (soft) 轻柔的声音 打铃 to ring a bell 打稻谷 to thresh rice 打败仗 to suffer a defeat 打老婆 to batter one’s wife 打地基 to lay the foundation 打家具 to make furniture 打毛衣 to knit a sweater 打井 to dig a well 打借条 to write an IOU 打篮球 to play basketball Difference in collocation( i.e. language usage) E. A. Nida: Languages do not differ essentially in what they can say, but in how they say it. (1993:2) e.g.: 大雨?heavy rain 大风?strong wind 红茶?black tea 红糖?brown sugar 浓茶?strong tea 黄金时间?prime time 喝汤?eat soup Free/flexible use of words (i.e. extension of word meaning) 香港译界: 词无定译 e.g.: --There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness. 他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的基本的柴米油盐问题。 --树梢上隐隐约约的是一带远山, 只是有些大意罢了。 Over the trees appear some distant mountains, but merely in sketchy silhouette. The methods of diction 1. Context Importance of context --Peter Newmark：No word is an island entire to itself. -- J.R. Firth: Each word , when used in a new context , is a new word. --王佐良：上下文不只是语言问题，说话是一种社会行为，上下文实际上是提供了一个社会场合或情境，正是它决定了词义（罗新璋，1984：829）。 Types of context 1) Linguistic/verbal context Phrase, sentence, paragraph, text, etc. --a good Christian, a good parent, child, wife or husband (Vanity Fair, by W. M. Thackeray)