炼油基础（Refining base）.docVIP

炼油基础（Refining base） Fundamentals of petroleum refining Chapter 1 general properties and chemical composition of petroleum Section 1 general properties of petroleum 1, oil has different colors because they contain different amounts of gum and asphaltene. The more the gum and asphaltene, the darker the color of the oil. 2. The relative density of petroleum depends on the amount of heavy fractions, resins, and asphaltenes in the oil, (judgement) heavy fractions, resins and asphaltenes are much larger, but the relative density of petroleum is large, whereas the relative density is small. 3, because the oil contains different amounts of sulfide, so the oil has a different degree of odor. 3, the flow of oil depends mainly on the amount of wax in the oil. (judge) a small amount of wax, liquid at room temperature, can flow; high wax content, at room temperature is solid or semi solid. Second fractions and fractions of petroleum 1, according to a certain boiling point range of oil known as fractions. 2. The fraction obtained from the direct distillation of crude oil is called the straight run fraction, and the product is called straight run. Third elements of petroleum composition 1 carbon and hydrogen are the major constituents of petroleum. 2, petroleum also contains sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and other elements. 3, trace metals and nonmetallic elements have also been found in petroleum. Fourth sections of hydrocarbon composition of petroleum The main component in petroleum is hydrocarbon, which mainly contains alkane, naphthenic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon in natural oil, and generally contains no alkene diameter. I. alkanes in petroleum 1. gaseous alkanes (1) at room temperature, from C1 to C4 is a gas, they are the main component of natural gas and refinery gas. (2) if in every cubic meter of natural gas contains less than 100 grams of petrol gas called drygas. Higher than 100 grams of gas, gasoline, while in rich gas. 2. liquid paraffin (1) at room temperature,