阿奇霉素治疗小儿肺炎不良反应研究.docVIP

阿奇霉素治疗小儿肺炎不良反应研究[摘要] 目的 探讨阿奇霉素治疗小儿肺炎的临床不良反应（ADR）的规律和特点。 方法 回顾2005年1月～2011年12月本院儿科静脉滴注阿奇霉素治疗小儿肺炎，所出现86 例不良反应患儿进行统计分析。 结果 阿奇霉素所致ADR可累及全身各个系统，胃肠道系统损害占55.8%，皮疹占27.9%，过敏性休克占2.3%，循环系统损害占4.7%，神经系统损害占2.3%，泌尿系统损害占7.0%；男性占47.7%，女性占52.3%，ADR可发生于用药后的各个时间段。 结论 应重视阿奇霉素所致过敏性休克反应，加强监测，以减少不良反应的发生。 [关键词] 肺炎；小儿；阿奇霉素；药物不良反应；合理使用 [中图分类号] R978.1 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1674-4721（2012）07（c）-0186-02 Analysis of Azithromycin in the treatment of adverse reaction of infants with pneumonia LU Miaoyun LI Qingfen Xixiang People′s Hospital of Baoan District in Shenzhen City of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518102, China [Abstract] Objective To explore the rules and characteristics of Azithromycin in the treatment of adverse reaction of infants with pneumonia. Methods Eighty-six cases of children with adverse caused by Azithromycin with Intravenous drip in the treatment of infants with pneumonia from January 2005 to December 2011 in pediatric department of our hospital, the adverse reactions were analyzed retrospectively. Results ADR caused by azithromycin could involved all systems in whole body, the incidence of gastrointestinal damage accounted for 55.8%, rash accounted for 27.9%, anaphylactic shock accounted for 2.3%, circulatory system damage accounted for 4.7%, nervous system damage accounted for 2.3%, urinary system damage accounted for 7.0%; Male accounted for 47.7%, female accounted for 52.3%. ADR could occur in different time after using drug. Conclusion It should pay attention to anaphylactic shock response induced by azithromycin, and strengthen monitoring to prevent reduce adverse events. [Key words] Pneumonia; Infant; Azithromycin; Drug adverse reactions; Rational use 阿奇霉素（azithromycin，AZM）为大环内酯类抗生素，临床应用于敏感微生物所致的软组织、皮肤和呼吸道感染[1]。近年来在国内随着临床应用的逐渐扩大，严重及罕见的不良反应报告也日益增多，甚至引起死亡；现对近几年来发生的ADR进行了回顾性分析，报道如下： 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料 收集2005年1月～2011年12月本院住院或门急诊儿科静脉滴注AZM治疗的小儿肺炎，其中，男性41例，女性45例，年龄在4个月～14岁，平均年龄（5.0±2.3）岁。其中，上呼吸道感染26例，支原体肺炎60例。 1.2 方法 所有患儿治疗前和治疗后外周血象、生化全套和X线胸片均在正常范围。AZM治疗：剂量1