Aerodynamic design via control theory （空气动力学设计通过控制理论）.pdfVIP

Journal of Scientific Computing, VoL 3, No. 3, 1988 Aerodynamic Design via Control Theory Antony Jameson 1 Received June 29, 1988 KEY WORDS: Computational aerodynamics; transonic flow; inverse problem; wing design; optimization. I. INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL SURVEY Computers have had a twofold impact on the science of aerodynamics. On the one hand numerical simulation may be used to gain new insights into the physics of complex flows. On the other hand computational methods can be used by engineers to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of alternative designs. Assuming that one has the ability to predict the perfor- mance, the question then arises of how to modify the design to improve the performance. This paper is addressed to that question. Prior to 1960 computational methods were hardly used in aero- dynamic analysis. The primary tool for the development of aerodynamic configurations was the wind tunnel. Shapes were tested and modifications selected in the light of pressure and force measurements together with flow visualization techniques. Computational methods are now quite widely accepted in the aircraft industry. This has been brought about by a combination of radical improvements in numerical algorithms and continuing advances in both speed and memory of computers. If a computational method is to be useful in the design process, it must be based on a mathematical model which provides an appropriate representation of the significant features of the flow, such as shock waves, vortices and boundary layers. The method must also be robust, not liable