初二动词不定试语法.docVIP

语法（一）动词不定式用动词不定式没人称和数的变化动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、和状语等多种成分。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。 下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明 1．作主语 可以直接作主语。如： To see is to believe．To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge （2）但，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语动词不定式放在后面。如： It is important for us to read good books during a general review . Its our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy． 点击规律：①It is＋形容词＋to do sth． ②It is＋名词＋to do sth③ It is +形容词(of sb.)+to do sth. 句式①中常用hard, difficult, easy, important，interesting, necesary等形容词，与介词for搭配。 句式③中常用nice, kind, clever, good, right, wrong, foolish, careless, impolite, stupid, naughty 等形容词，与介词of搭配。 2．表语放在系动词be后面 His wish is to become a scientist． The first important thing is to save the soldiers lives． 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。 3．作宾语 know），would like/love(宁愿)等。如： We agreed to start early． She wants to be a doctor． （2）后既可接动词不定式又可接动名词（V-ing）形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love, hate等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次性具体动作、将来动作，V-ing形式表示习惯性、经常性的动作。但是这种区别并不很严格.如： I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now．我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。 (3) 后接动词不定式或V-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等 ①stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。 stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。 例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。 ②try to do尽力做，try doing试试看； ③go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事 (4)． The man found it difficult to get to sleep． I feel it easy to recite the text． 4．作宾语补足语 tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如： I tell him not to go there by bus ． Edisons mother taught him to read and write． （2）使役动词和感官动词，后面的宾语补足语若是不定式充当，则动词不定式符号to应省略。这类词有：“五看”(see，watch，noticelet，make，have。如： The boss makes them work 16 hours a day． I heard her sing in the next room． 提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to要加上。如： They are made to work 16 hours a day by the