细胞的结构和功能（Structure and function of cells）.docVIP

细胞的结构和功能（Structure and function of cells） Noun: 1. Microstructure: the structure of cells observed in ordinary light microscopy. 2. Submicroscopic structure: the microscopic structures of cells which can not be clearly distinguished under ordinary light microscope are observed. 3. Prokaryotic cells: smaller cells with no formed nuclei. The nuclear material is concentrated in the nuclear region without chromosomes; DNA does not bind to proteins; there is no nuclear membrane and no nucleoli; organelles are ribosomes; there are cell walls, and components are different from eukaryotic cells. 4, eukaryotic cells: larger cells, there are real nuclei, a certain number of chromosomes, nuclear membrane, there are nucleoli, there are generally a variety of organelles. 5. Prokaryotes: organisms made up of prokaryotic cells. Such as: cyanobacteria, green algae, bacteria (such as nitrifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae), actinomyces, mycoplasma and so on, belong to prokaryotes. 6. Eukaryotes: organisms made up of eukaryotic cells. Such as: yeast, fungus, mushroom, Chlamydomonas, amoeba, grass crawling, plasmodium. 7, the cell membrane permselectivity: this membrane can allow water to pass through freely. Cell selective absorption of ions and small molecules (such as amino acids, glucose) can also be through, while other ions, small and large molecules (such as: RNA, Messenger protein and nucleic acid and sucrose) can not pass through. 8. Membrane proteins: proteins in the various membrane structures of cells. 9 、 carrier protein: a transmembrane protein involved in the transport of substances in the membrane structure. The carrier proteins in the cell membrane are specific in assisting diffusion and active transport. 10. Cytoplasm: protoplasm outside the cell membrane, other than the nucleus, called cytoplasm. Cytoplasm mainly consists of cytoplasm, stroma and organelle. 11. Cytoplasmic matrix: the part of the cytoplasm that is liqui