国外航校私照飞行员地面课Lesson 12.pptxVIP

Sierra Academy of Aeronautics ;Weather Hazards Wake Turbulence ;Thunderstorms;Thunderstorm;;Thunderstorms: Critical Thinking;Fog;Fog ;Radiation Fog;Advection Fog;Up-Slope Fog;Precipitation Induced Fog;Icing;Icing;Icing: Critical Thinking;Weather Facts;Land Changes Temperature faster than Water;As altitude increases temperature generally goes? Up Down Stays the same Why?;Occurs when the temperature goes up with altitude. Acts as a lid for weather and pollutants Over time can lead to low visibility – due to fog, haze, smoke and low clouds.;Dew Point is the temperature at which the air would be saturated (100% Relative Humidity) If Temperature and DP are within 2? you will have visible moisture (clouds or precipitation) ;Amount of moisture in the air compared to the total amount that can be held at that temperature Warmer air can hold more moisture ;Temperature and dewpoint converge at about 4.5? per 1,000 feet You can estimate Cumulus cloud bases Temp 85? Dewpoint 67? 18?/4.5=4,000 Cloud bases should be 4,000 feet AGL;Change of State;Dew forms when objects cool to below the dew point and water condenses Frost forms when objects cool to the below the dew point and below freezing temperatures water vapor turns to frost via deposition;Turbulence and Wind Shear;Turbulence caused by thermals Thermals - Rising air heated by warm surface below ;Stable air forced over a mountain ridge Expect it when winds are +25 knots perpendicular to mountain ridges;is the turbulent movement of air masses in the absence of any visual cues such as clouds, and is caused when bodies of air moving at widely different speeds meet.[1];Sudden drastic shift in wind speed and/or direction Can occur at any altitude and in any direction;A microburst is a very localized column of sinking air caused by a small and intense downdraft.;Microburst;Other Hazards;Gasses, dust and ash Highly abrasive Will pit the windshield and landing lights Clog Pitot-static system Clog air filters Shut down jet engines