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1068 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, VOL. 21, NO. 3, JULY 2006 Acousto-optical PD Detection for Transformers Xiaodong Wang, Baoqing Li, Harry T. Roman, Onofrio L. Russo, Ken Chin, and Kenneth R. Farmer Abstract—Partial discharge (PD) is one of the factors that could basic chemical species. This has been exploited to produce a lead to failure of power transformers, leading to power outage and gas analyzer to detect and thereby to detect PD sources. expensive repairs. The acoustic wave induced by PD can be mea- Chemical testing has some limitations that prevent it from sured and used for monitoring, diagnosing, and locating potential failures in the transformers. Fiber optic sensors have been shown being the only method used for PD detection. Chemical testing to be attractive devices for PD detection because of a number of in- does not provide any information about the position of the PD herent advantages including small size, high sensitivity, electrical or the extent of the insulation damage. This limits the usefulness nonconductivity, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. A of chemical detection and rules it out as a singular solution to fiber optic sensor based on a Fabry-Perot interferometry is con- PD detection and positioning. structed by a simple micromachining process compatible with mi- croelectromechanical system technology. The sensors are used in a transformer to measure PD acoustic waves. The experimental re- B. Electrical Detection sults show the sensor not only has an inherent high signal to noise capability, but is able to accurately localize the PD sources inside Electrical detection focuses on capturing the electrical pulse the transformer. created by the curren