新视野大学生英语3第八单元课件.pptVIP

Cloning Group 3 Four parts Definition Types Human cloning Application Definition In biology, cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Types Molecular m?ulekjul? （分子）cloning Molecular cloning refers to the process of making multiple molecules. Cell cloning Cloning a cell means to derive a population of cells from a single cell. *Organism cloning Artificial cloning of organisms Artificial cloning of organisms may also be called?reproductive cloning. It refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular [m?lt?selj?l?] organism, genetically identical to another.? Dolly, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. Dolly was formed by taking a cell from the udder of her biological mother. Her biological mother was 6 years old when the cells were taken from her udder .Dollys embryo embri?u was created by taking the cell and inserting it into a sheep ovum [??v?m]. The embryo was then placed inside a female sheep that went through a normal pregnancy.She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there from her birth in 1996 until her death in 2003 when she was six. Dolly was publicly significant because the effort showed that genetic material from a specific adult cell, programmed to express only a distinct subset of its genes, can be reprogrammed to grow an entirely new organism. Species cloned The modern cloning techniques involving nuclear transfer have been successfully performed on several species Tadpole（蝌蚪） Carp（鲤鱼）In China, embryologist Tong Dizhou produced the worlds first cloned fish by inserting the DNA from a cell of a male carp into an egg from a female carp. Mice Pig Horse Wolf Camel… Human cloning Human cloning is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. The term is generally used to refer to artificial human cloning, which is the reproduc