高中英语分词讲解.ppt

分词 分词的时态和语态 分词的时态 1. 分词一般式表示的动作和位于动词所表示的动作同时发生，或一个紧接着另一个发生。在书面语中常用作背景描写。 E.g. Walking down the street, I ran into Mr. Zhang. Living in the country, we had few social engagement. 2. 分词完成式（having done/ having been done）表示动作在位于动词所表示的动作之前发生。 E.g. Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car. 3. 分词的一般式和完成时均可表示已完成的动作。一般式的两个动作几乎同时发生，但完成式强调2个动作的先后。 E.g. Locking the door, she went out. Having studied in the university for three years, he knows the place very well. 2. 分词完成时的被动语态(having been done)强调先于位于动词。 E.g. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 分词的语态 1. 分词一般式的被动语态（being done）强调动作正在进行。 E.g. The house being built will be our school. Being surrounded, the rebel troops were forced to surrender. 3. 过去分词（done）也表示被动。但没有强调先后。 E.g. The concert given by the this band was a great success. Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. 分词作定语 分词短语作定语，放被修饰名词后；单个分词作定语，放被修饰名词前。 E.g. The man standing at the window is our teacher. Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 分词完成式不能做定语。 现在分词和过去分词作前置定语是的区别 分词作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征。 过去分词做表语表示主语所处的状态。 E.g. She is very excited about the exciting news. 分词作宾语补足语 接现在分词作宾语补足语有2类动词 1、感官动词：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe 等 2. “发现”“闻到”“致使”：discover, find, smell, catch, get, have, keep, leave, send, set, start. E.g. I discovered Mr. Jack sitting near the fires, reading a book. The victory sent our spirits rising. 接过去分词作宾语补足语的有3类动词。 1. 感官或心理状态的动词：see, watch, find, feel, consider. I considered this problem solved. 2. “使役” “致使”：get, have, keep, leave, make I try to make myself understood. 3. “要求”“希望”“命令”：declare, like, need, order, want, wish. He declared the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games closed. 现在分词作状语 表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，方式等。 Hearing the news, they all danced for joy. Heated, water changes into steam. Being a student, I must study hard. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing