英语写作PPT展示Refutation.pptVIP

【Avoid】 “They said” or “We said” 【Because】 Vague and clumsy. 【Use instead】 “The first affirmative speaker asserted” or “Miss Smith, in her first constructive speech” Language of refutation How we Write body 【Avoid】 “We stand on” 【Because】 Clumsy. 【Use instead】 “Our support of this contention has been” Language of refutation How we Write body 【Avoid】 “Where is their proof?” and “We have offered proof.” 【Because】 Clumsy and erroneous. Proof is often confused with evidence. 【Use instead】 “Where is the supporting evidence to prove” and “We have offered evidence to support” Language of refutation How we Write body Bonus !!! Language of refutation How we Write body Typical language used in refutation Although it is widely/commonly/generally held/felt/agreed/accepted that..., it is unlikely to be true that... Although it is commonly held that success will bring people money and status, it is unlikely to be true that it will be a desirable goal for anyone. Considering the great stress they have to live with, and their shorter life spans, greater loneliness, and relative incapacity for community or love it entails, it is conceivable that not everyone finds an enterprise requiring such sacrifice is worth what it costs. 虽然大多数人认为成功能给人带来金钱和地位，但是每个人都渴望成功却不一定是事实。想一想为了成功所要承受的紧张压力，寿命的可能缩短，巨大的孤独，不能有常人的感情交流和爱情。可以想象，不是所有的人都认为为追求一个目标付出这么多的牺牲是值得的 It is Perhaps/Probably/maybe/very true that..., but one vital/ critical/ essential point/fact is being left out of our consciousness/analysis/ consideration It is probably true that instituting sanctions may significantly reduce the frequency of wrong speeches on campus, but one vital point is being left out of our thinking: these measures pose a serious threat to the very idea of the university and the spirit of academic freedom. 采取制裁措施可能会显著地减少校园的“错误”言论，但是有一点我们没有考虑进去：这些措施对大学的本身宗旨以及学术自由精神构成了威胁。 Typical language used in refutation At first thought /glance, /On the surface, On the face of it, it/ this may seem a(n) sound/ attractive/pa