英美国家概况 Australia 澳大利亚.pptVIP

Australia Nation-building from a Convict Settlement The introduction of Australia history Events and people that made a nation Australia history The early pre-colonial period The colonial period before Federation Modern times after Federation The earliest residents Aborigines Around 50,000 to 60,000 years ago Before the arrival of the white settlers in 1788 The colonial period before Federation European discovery of Australia Australia as the convict settlement /penal colony European discovery of Australia 1770 Captain James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia (New South Wales) Captain James Cook A national hero in Australia the greatest British explorer and navigator Contribution to the European knowledge of the Southern Hemisphere and providing important information for the First Fleet that was going to set up overseas colony for Britain in 1788 1755 Royal Navy 1768 an expedition to the south pacific with a secret purpose to find the southern continent 1770 discovered the eastern coast of Australia (New South Wales) and soon claimed the entire continent for the Britain Australia as the convict settlement Time: began in1788 Background: the independence of the 13 American colonies in 1776 meant Britain had lost its overseas prison in North America. Reason: to alleviate pressure on the overburdened prisons and reduce the crime rate in Britain Event: the First Fleet The First Fleet Admiral Arthur Phillip the founding father of Australia Reasons: founded the first British settlement in Australia at a site in Port Jackson (Sydney Harbor) set up civil administration with courts of law instead of establishing the colony as a military prison. When he left New South Wales in 1792, the colony was well-established. British settlement From 1788 to 1888, seven colonies were set up under the British rule, and the economies of the colonies developed well. Gold rush(1851) In 1868, transportation of convicts to Australia ended and free migrants from