电梯结构及原理教案-3 轿厢和对重.docVIP

3 轿厢和对重 Car and counterweight 在曳引电梯中，轿厢和对重悬挂于曳引轮两侧，轿厢是运送乘客或货物的承载部分，也是唯一为乘客所看到的部分。对重是决定电梯曳引能力的一个重要部件。它用于平衡轿厢自重和额定载重量。 In traction lift, car and counterweight are suspended on two sides of traction sheave. As an only part that passengers can view, car is used to accommodate passengers and cargo. Playing a key role in deciding traction capacity, counterweight is used to offset car weight and rated load. 3-1 轿厢及操纵盘 Car and control panel 3-1-1 轿厢 Car 轿厢是由轿底、轿壁、轿顶、轿门和与之相关的轿架、开门机及操纵盘等部件组成，如图3-1。 Car is composed of car bottom, car wall, car top, car door, related frame, door operator and control panel, as shown in figure 3-1. 各类电梯的轿厢基本结构相同，由于用途不同，在具体结构及外形上将有一定差异。 Although lifts are similar structure and different application, they differ with each other in configuration and shape. 客梯的轿厢一般宽大于深，这样设计的目的是为了方便人员的出入，有利于提高运行效率。图3-2是通常的客梯轿厢结构。 For passenger lift, the width of car is generally longer than depth, which facilitates passengers to go in and out of lift and improve efficiency, as shown in figure 3-2. 货梯的轿厢一般深大于宽或宽深相 同，这主要是考虑装卸货物的方便。 图3-3是通常的货梯轿厢结构。 For cargo lift, the depth of car is generally longer than or equal to width, which facilitates to load and unload, asshown in figure 3-3. 病床梯的轿厢为适应病床的运送而设计的 深而窄，如图3-4所示。 Deep and narrow, car of hospital lift is designed to convey patient beds，as shown in figure 3-4. 观光梯轿厢的外形设计呈流线型，以减小 空气阻力及运行噪声，如图3-5所示。 Sightseeing lift is streamlined in shape to reduce air resistance and operation noise as shown in figure 3-5. 3-1-1-1轿顶 car top 轿顶要求能够承受三个携带工具的检修人员（每人以100kg计），其弯曲挠度应不大于轿厢跨度的1/1000。为维修方便，轿顶应有一块不小于0.12m2的站人用净面积，其最小边长至少应为0.25m.。一般轿顶设有安全窗，其尺寸应不小于0.35m×0.5m。此窗门向外用手开起，并装有安全开关。窗一旦开起，安全开关动作，切断了电梯的安全回路，使电梯不能再运行。 为了维修、操纵方便，轿顶还应设置轿顶检修盒，检修盒包括下列开关：检修/运行开关、急停开关、门机开关、照明开关、上运行开关、下运行开关和供检修用的电源插座。 轿顶还应设置防护栏杆，用来保护轿顶维修人员的人身安全。 Car top is required to accommodate three technicians equipped with tools (100kg/ person), with curving degree not more than 1/1000 of car extent. To facilitate maintenance, car top should have a 0.1