电梯结构及原理教案-4 电梯机房、井道和底坑.docVIP

4 电梯机房、井道和底坑 Machine room，Well and pit of lift 4-1机房 Machine room 电梯机房一般设置在电梯井道的顶部（机房上置式）。机房内安装有曳引机、导向轮、控制柜、限速器、总电源控制盒等。 Normally located on top of well (upper-placed machine room), machine room includes traction machine, diverter pulley, control cabinet, overspeed governor and main power control box. 4-1-1 控制柜 Control cabinet 电梯控制柜安装在曳引机旁边，是电梯的拖动装置和信号控制中心。如图4-1所示。早期的电梯控制柜中有接触器、继电器、电容、电阻器、变压器、整流器等。随着电脑、电子技术的飞越发展，VVVF控制技术、光纤通讯技术、串行通信、网络技术等在电梯上得到广泛应用。大规模集成电路的应用使电梯控制柜体积越来越小，功能越来越强，可靠性越来越高。目前的电梯控制柜大多由全电脑控制板和变频器组成，达到对交流电动机进行调频调压调速控制（VVVF）。 Located near traction machine, control cabinet serves as a trailing device and signal control center, as shown in figure 4-1. Originally, control cabinet included contactor, relay, capacitor, resistor, transformer, and rectifier. With rapid development of computer and electronics as well as wide application of VVVF control technology, optical fiber communication technology, serial communication and network technology in lift, application of big scale integrated circuit makes control cabinet smaller in size, stronger in function and more reliable in operation. Currently, control cabinet is composed of computer control panel and frequency inverter, to control AC motor in terms of frequency, voltage and speed (VVVF). 控制柜的电源由机房的总电源开关(图4-2)引入，由控制柜接触器引出的动力线用电线管送至曳引机的电动机接线端子。电梯控制信号线由电线管或线槽引出，进入井道再由扁型或圆型随行电缆传输。信号交换控制线分别接到井道中各层接线盒中，构成电梯的控制系统线路。在控制柜和机房布线时要注意强弱电要分开，防止弱电受干扰。 Power supply of control cabinet is introduced from the main power supply in machine room（figure 4-2 ）. Cable leads from the contactor of control cabinet to the motor terminal of traction machine via conduit. Derived by conduit or channel, lift control signal line enters well then is transmitted by flat or round traveling cable. Signal exchange control lines are connected to terminal boxes of each landing in well, forming lift control loop. It is required that power line and weak signal be separated to prevent weak signal from being interfered with when wiring is made in c