2017年高考动词不定式归纳.doc

动词不定式 一、学习目标? 不定式的基本形式是“小品词to+动词原形”，但有时也可省去“to”。不定式既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词，形容词和副词的句法功能。? （一）.不定式的形式 不定式有6种形式，以动词write为例 主动态 被动态 一般式 to write to be written 完成式 to have written to have been written 进行式 to be writing 完成进行式 to have been writing 否定式： not + 不定式 二）.不定式的时态 一般说来，不定式一般式表示的动作有时与限定动词表示的动作同时发生，也有时发生在限定动词表示的动作之后。如： Who heard him say that? He seems to know this .(It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.( I hope that I’ll see you again.) They invited us to go there this summer. 不定式进行式表示动作正在进行，通常与限定动词表示的动作同时发生，如： They are said to be building another bridge across the river. I happened to be going that way too. 不定式完成式表示的动作发生在限定动词表示的动作之前，如： I am sorry to have given you so much trouble .(I am sorry that I have given you so much trouble.) I am glad to have seen your mother. （三）.不定式的句法功能 （1）作主语 To talk with him is a great pleasure. To know something about English is one thing; to master English is quite another. 不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以先形词it作行式主语，而把不定式短语置于谓语动词之后，如： It’s nice to hear your voice （2）作表语 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. The problem is to find a solution. Her wish is to become an artist. 注：不定式作系动词be 的表语与表示将来“be+不定式 ”结构的主要区别是，前者不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而后者不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如： Your job is to clean the windows .（不定式作表语） You are to clean the windows. （“be +不定式 ”结构） （3）作宾语 常用于及物动词: want , hope, wish, like, need, hate, offer, prefer, begin, start, remember, continue , try, ask, mean, intend, attempt, decide, determine, expect, forget, agree, intend, plan, know, learn, promise, pretend, refuse ,afford, manage, help等之后，如： Tom refused to speak on the radio for $1000 a minute. She determined to study harder. You should continue to learn as long as you live. 注1：如果作宾语的不定式又有自己的补语，则须用先行词it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语不定式后置，如： I consider it better not to go. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time. When Marx was a