第5章 英译汉疑点(静态动态).pptVIP

英译汉的疑点 ;Teaching Objectives;动态表达与静态表达 (Static vs. Dynamic);English is featured by its predominance of nouns over verbs. Our western civilization, it has been said, favours an over-development of the intellect at the expense of the emotions. That is why people prefer nouns to verbs. They suffer from what the Germans call ‘noun disease’. Instead of saying quite simply and straightforwardly London is growing rapidly, they say London’s growth is rapid. And they say John’s arrival was premature instead of John came too soon. (S. Potter,1960);English makes more use of nouns, adjectives, and prepositions, and is therefore more static. Conversely, Chinese often employs verbs, adverbs, verbal phrases, repetition and reduplication of verbs, and is therefore more dynamic. ;Compare the English sentences with the Chinese versions: 1. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。 2. The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere. 他们违反在赫尔辛基达成的协议，在国内侵犯基本人权，因此受到了各地热爱自由的人们的谴责。;Reasons for static English and dynamic Chinese; 2. 由动词派生或转化而来的施事名词。 所谓施事名词，即是施行或实施行为动作的名词，也即表示动作行为主体的名词，这类名词大都由动词加-er, -or等后缀派生而来，有些也可能是动词的直接转化形式。如： The computer is a far more careful inspector than human beings. 也可：The computer inspects far more carefully than human beings. 计算机比人检查得更为仔细。 Eg. He has been the ruler of that region for as long as twenty years. 他统治这一地区长达20年之久。;3. 英语中的某些形容词、介词、副词等亦不乏静态意义及功能，而且同上述两类名词一样，通过同义替代，这些表达形式也可以借助动词转化为动态表述结构。如： 静态： That fellow is very talkative. 那家伙总是滔滔不绝。 You have to wash the pill down with sips of water. 你得喝几口水，把药丸咽下去。 We must be off now. 我们要走了。 动态： That fellow always talks too much. You have to sip some water to wash the pill down. We must go now.;总之，英语动词有形态变化，运用时要受到诸多限制，因而有时会倾向于静态表达手段，因此英语具有静态表达优势；汉语动词无形态变化，形式上不受人称、时态等约束，