战略管理SM Chp 7-26.pptVIP

Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Chapter 7Implementing Strategies: Management Operations Issues o Strategy formulation is positioning forces before the action. o Strategy implementation is managing forces during the action. o Strategy formulation focuses on effectiveness. o Strategy implementation focuses on efficiency. o Strategy formulation is primarily an intellectual process. o Strategy implementation is primarily an operational process. o Strategy formulation requires good intuitive and analytical skills. o Strategy implementation requires special motivation and leadership skills. o Strategy formulation requires coordination among a few individuals. o Strategy implementation requires coordination among many persons Shift in responsibility Management Issues Management Issues (cont’d) 7.3 POLICIES Changes in a firm’s strategic direction do not occur automatically. On a day-to-day basis, policies are needed to make a strategy work. Broadly defined, policy refers to specific guidelines, methods, procedures, rules, forms, and administrative practices established to support and encourage work toward stated goals. Policies let both employees and managers know what is expected of them, thereby increasing the likelihood that strategies will be implemented successfully. Table 7-2 shows a hierarchy of policies.pp268 7.8 Linking Performance Pay to Strategies Pay-for-Performance Profit sharing is a widely used form of incentive compensation. Gain sharing requires employees or departments to establish performance targets; if actual results exceed objectives, all members get bonuses. Criteria such as sales, profit, production efficiency, quality, and safety could also serve as bases for an effective bonus system. Natural Environment PerspectiveIn Hiring, Do Companies Consider Environmental Training? 77% of corporate recruiters believe it’s important to hire students with an awareness of social and environmental responsibility Most schools do not incorporate environmental