文鸣：美国社会中的种族(09年上).ppt

美国社会中的种族，社会经济地位, 家庭与健康 文鸣 社会学博士 犹他大学社会学系副教授 背景介绍 Key to Understand Western Cultures Diverse Colorful Tolerant Key to Understand Western Cultures Terminology. The Questions on Race from the U.S. Census 2000 What are the correct terms? Hispanic, Latino, Chicano, Person of Spanish Origin? Black, African American, Negro Native American, American Indian White, Caucasian, European American Preference for Racial or Ethnic Terminology (Percent Distribution) Preference for Racial or Ethnic Terminology (Percent Distribution) Preference for Racial or Ethnic Terminology (Percent Distribution) Preference for Racial or Ethnic Terminology (Percent Distribution) Preference for Racial or Ethnic Terminology (Percent Distribution) Group Identity We all think ourselves as belonging to many groups. Identifying in-group members Overlapping domains (Examples?) Confounding of race, ethnicity and nationality Race, ethnicity and nationality Cuban American of African Descent Lives in Chamorro Community of Mariana Islands Speaks mainly Chamoru Race, ethnicity and nationality Mexican, Cuban and El Salvadorians in U.S., different nationality all considered Hispanic/Latino Afro-Cuban, African American, similar skin color, different culture “Minorities” will comprise the majority of the U.S. population by mid-21st Century What factors are contributing to this demographic trend in the United States? Projected percentage of resident population by race/ethnicity, U.S. 2010-2070 Changing status of African Americans in U.S. History, 1640-2008 “Slavery” Period(1640 – 1863) “Reconstruction” Period(1863 – 1877) Box: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution 13th Amendment (ratified in 1865) outlawed slavery in the U.S. and all territories. 14th Amendment (ratified in 1868) gave citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. or naturalized. 15th Amendment (ratified in 1870) barred states from prohibiting any male citizen from voting. Females (including white wome