三、泛文化护理模式.pptVIP

Culture Care Theory文化照護理論 New knowledge and practices are essential for nurses to function in a rapidly changing multicultural world. Nurses needed in-depth knowledge of cultures with an anthropological view and in-depth, culturally based care phenomena. The cultural care theory provides some entirely new teaching content ways to care for immigrants and refugees of many different and neglected cultures. Culturally Congruent Care文化融合性的照護 Culturally congruent care refers to culturally based care knowledge, acts and decisions used in sensitive and knowledgeable ways to appropriately and meaningfully fit the cultural values, beliefs, and lifeways of clients for their health and wellbeing, or to prevent illness, disabilities, or death. 文化融合性的照護是依據文化照護(cultural nursing) 的理念,提供與個人或群體的文化價值觀、信仰及生活方式互相融合的護理措施,以促進個人或群體的健康狀態. Cultural Nursing:文化照護 以主觀(emic)和客觀(etic)立場得到的價值觀、信仰及表達方式, 以協助人們維持幸福和健康,或協助他們去克服疾病、殘障以及死亡. emic有圈(局)內人、主(本)位研究觀點的意思；而etic則可翻成圈(局)外人、客位研究觀點的意思。所謂的主位研究(emic)，亦即，研究者不憑自己的主觀認識，盡可能的從當地人的視角去理解文化，通過聽取當地提供情況的人(即報導人)所反映的當地人對事物的認識和觀點，進行整理和分析的研究方法。也就是說，主位研究要求研究者對研究對象有深入的瞭解，熟悉他們的知識體系、分類系統，明瞭他們的概念、話語及意義，通過深入的參與觀察，儘量像本地人那樣去思考和行動。客位研究(etic)是研究者以文化外來觀察者的角度來理解文化，以科學家的標準對其行為的原因和結果進行解釋，用「比較的」和「歷史的」觀點看待民族誌提供的材料。 Culture Care (文化照顧) Refers to the values beliefs that assist, support, or enable another person or group to maintain well-being, improve personal condition, or face death or disability Is universal, but the actions, expressions, patterns, lifestyles, and meanings of care may be different Knowledge of cultural diversity is essential for nursing to provide appropriate care to clients, families, and communities Culture care is divided into general care  and professional care 普通照顧 (general care)： 是人類一種天性的具體體現，它存在於日常生活中。 專業照顧 (professional care)： 是一種有目的、有意義的專業活動，是一種工作而 不是一種屬性。 專業照顧是那些幫助性、支援性、關心性的專業行為，從而改善人類的生存條件或生活條件，以利於人類社會的生存及發展。 專業照顧與普通照顧在意義及表達方式上有很大的區別 Culture Care Diversity文化照護的差異性 It refers to the differences or variabilities among human